Aviation math without digging for a calculator.

Calculate headwind/tailwind and crosswind components from runway and wind.

Estimate wind-corrected heading, groundspeed, and wind correction angle.

Solve flight time, distance, or groundspeed.

Calculate trip fuel, reserve fuel, required fuel, and fuel remaining.

Estimate usable endurance and still-air/groundspeed range after reserve.

Estimate descent distance using altitude to lose and desired descent gradient.

Estimate vertical speed required for a 3-degree flight path.

Estimate distance flown during a timed holding leg.

Estimate pressure altitude from field elevation and altimeter setting.

Estimate density altitude from pressure altitude and outside air temperature.

Calculate International Standard Atmosphere temperature at altitude in the troposphere.

Estimate convective cloud base from surface temperature/dew-point spread.

Estimate local speed of sound from outside air temperature.

Estimate Mach number from true airspeed and temperature.

Quick TAS estimate from calibrated airspeed and altitude. Use aircraft data for precision.

Convert a required climb gradient in ft/NM into vertical speed at groundspeed.

Convert vertical speed and groundspeed into ft/NM climb gradient.

Convert flight-path angle to gradient and gradient to angle.

Estimate no-wind glide distance from altitude above touchdown and glide ratio.

Estimate Va at a lower weight using the square-root weight relationship.

Estimate stall speed at bank angle from 1-G stall speed.

Rule-of-thumb dynamic hydroplaning speed from tire pressure.

Calculate aircraft wing loading.

Calculate aircraft power loading and horsepower per 1,000 lb.

Calculate minimum geometric climb gradient needed to clear an obstacle.

Estimate pivotal altitude from groundspeed using the common feet/knots approximation.

Estimate bank angle for a standard-rate turn using the common TAS rule of thumb.

Calculate coordinated level-turn load factor at a bank angle.

Calculate coordinated level-turn radius from true airspeed and bank angle.

Calculate approximate coordinated turn rate from speed and bank angle.

Find the reciprocal of any heading or course.

Convert between true and magnetic using entered variation. East variation subtracts; west adds when going true to magnetic.

Calculate arc length for a given radius and number of degrees flown.

Calculate approximate great-circle distance between two latitude/longitude points.

Convert degrees/minutes/seconds to decimal degrees.

Convert groundspeed to nautical miles traveled each minute and seconds per NM.

Calculate moment from a station and CG from total moment/weight.

Calculate center of gravity as percent mean aerodynamic chord.

Estimate ballast required to move CG to a target location, using a chosen ballast arm.

Convert common aviation fuel volume to approximate weight.

Convert knots, mph, km/h, and meters per second.

Convert nautical miles to statute miles, kilometers, feet, and meters.

Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

Convert pounds to kilograms and ounces.

Convert U.S. gallons to liters, quarts, and imperial gallons.

Convert inches of mercury to hPa/millibars and kPa.

Convert feet per minute to feet per second and meters per second.